Hari uwatekereza ko mbere gato ya Jenoside u Rwanda cyari igihugu giteye imbere, byahe byo kajya! Cyari cyarazonzwe n’ubukene mu ngeri zose wagira ngo hari nk’ikintu kikinyunyuza, nako hari icyakinyunyuzaga.
Kimwe mu byo Abanyarwanda bumvaga neza kera, ni ukubyara. Umugore icyo gihe yabaga yiteguye gukurikiza inshuro 7, gusa nibura wavuga ko harimo guca akenge gato kuko mu 1983 bwo nibura umugore yabarirwaga abana 8,5.
Icyo gihe 73% by’abagore babyara, babyariraga mu ngo. Nyuma yo kuvuka kandi, abana 49% bari munsi y’imyaka itanu barwaraga indwara zitagira ingano z’amoko menshi, ziganjemo iziterwa n’imirire mibi.
Ababaga bavutse kandi nibura mu 1000, habaga harimo 110 bapfaga bataruzuza imyaka itanu.
Umubare w’Abanyarwanda watangiye kuzamuka cyane guhera mu 1952, icyo gihe igihugu cyari gituwe na miliyoni ebyiri zirengaho gato, byageze mu 1988 gituwe na miliyoni 6,2 hanyuma mu 1995 bari miliyoni 5,8.
Ibarura ryo mu 2002 ryasize bageze kuri miliyoni 8,1 mu gihe irya 2012 ryasize ari miliyoni 12. Ubu bibarwa ko Abanyarwanda barenga miliyoni 13,3. Nibikomeza gutya, mu 2050 bazaba ari 23.048.005.
Mu 1991 byabarwaga ko kuri kilometero kare imwe hatuye abaturage 283 bavuye ku 191 bari bariho mu 1978. Ni mu gihe mu 2002 bari kuri 321. Ubu mu 2021 bibarwa ko kuri kilometero kare hatuye abantu 504 ku buryo u Rwanda ari kimwe mu bihugu biza mu bya hafi bifite ubucucike bw’abaturage kurenza ahandi ku isi.
Mu 1994, ubukungu bwari hafi ya ntabwo
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yasize na duke twari duhari mbere yayo noneho tugenda nka nyomberi. Uhereye ku buzima, nubwo bwari bubi ntibapfaga nk’uko byagenze mu minsi 100 uhereye ku wa 7 Mata 1994.
Mu 1994, amafaranga Umunyarwanda yinjizaga ku mwaka yari amadolari 146 [hafi ibihumbi 150 Frw], gusa yagiye yiyongera mu myaka 27 ishize.
Nko mu 2001 yari 201$; 2003 aba 342$; 2011 aba 627$; 2014 agera kuri 718$. Mu 2015 yari 728 $, mu 2017 yari amaze kugera kuri 774 $, naho mu 2018 yari 788$ ku mwaka.
Gahunda Leta y’u Rwanda yari yihaye ni uko mu 2020 Umunyarwanda yinjiza nibura 1.240 $ hanyuma bikazagera mu 2035 rufite ubukungu buciriritse [middle income country/pays à revenu intermédiaire] kandi rwarateye imbere mu 2050 mu gihe ubukungu bwaba bwihuta ku 10%, ku buryo Umunyarwanda yazaba yinjiza 12.476$ ku mwaka, ni ukuvuga asaga miliyoni 10 Frw ku mwaka.
Ingengo y’imari yari miliyari 15 Frw mu 1994
Ingengo y’imari igihugu cyari gifite mu 1994 ntinangana n’ikoreshwa n’uturere muri iki gihe. Urugero rworoshye, nk’Akarere ka Nyagatare gaherutse kwemeza ingengo y’imari ya miliyari 31 Frw kazakoresha muri uyu mwaka.
Ubu ingengo y’imari y’igihugu ibarirwa miliyari 3.807 Frw ivuye kuri miliyari 3.464,8 Frw yariho mu 2020/21. Ni izamuka ridasanzwe kuko nko mu 2000 yari miliyari 174,4 Frw; mu 2005 iba miliyari 368,2 Frw.
Mu 2011/12 nibwo yinjiye muri miliyari igihumbi kuko yari 1.194,1 Frw bigera mu 2019/20 ari miliyari 2.876,9 Frw.
Kugeza mu 1999; 60% by’Abanyarwanda biciraga isazi mu jisho
Imibare ya Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi yatangajwe muri Nzeri 2002 ariko igaruka ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 1999 na 2000, igaragaza ko nibura 60,2% by’Abanyarwanda bari abakene ndetse 57% bari mu bukene bukabije.
Icyo gihe abaturage 4.812.000 ntabwo bari bafite ubushobozi bwo kugura ibyo kurya, byatumaga 65,66% by’ibice bituwemo mu cyaro bigaragara mu bukene, 19,38% mu mijyi na 19,38% muri Kigali.
Ugendeye kuri perefegitura, Gikongoro ni yo yari mu bukene buri hejuru (77.18%), Butare (73.62%), Kibuye (72.48%), Kigali Ngali (70.88%) na Ruhengeri (70.27%); aho bwari hasi ugereranyije n’ahandi hari Byumba (65.26%), Cyangugu (64.26%), Gitarama (53.74%), Gisenyi (53.50%), Kibungo (50.80%) na Umutara (50.52%). Muri Kigali ho ubukene bwari kuri 12.27%.
Icyo gihe Abanyarwanda 3.320.000 ntibari bafite ubushobozi bwo kubona amafunguro, aho bari biganje mu bice by’icyaro.
Uyu munsi n’udafite ibyo kurya arafashwa
Mu 2005, abari mu bukene bukabije baragabanutse bagera kuri 40,0% birakomeza no mu 2010 aho bari kuri 24,1% hanyuma mu 2014 baba 16,3% bigera mu 2016 ari 16,0%.
Leta yashyizeho gahunda zitandukanye zigamije kuzamura imibereho myiza y’Abanyarwanda zirimo nka VUP na Girinka aho nk’umwaka wa 2020 wasize hamaze gutangwa inka ku miryango 380.162.
Amashanyarazi yabonaga umugabo agasiba undi
Kugera mu 2000, muri Kigali nk’Umurwa Mukuru 38.7% by’abari bayituye bakoreshaga peteroli mu gucana kuko nta mashanyarazi bari bafite. Mu gihugu hose, 59.2% by’abaturage bakoreshaga itara ry’ikirahure ryajyagamo peteroli mu gucana mu masaha y’ijoro, 20,1% bakamurikisha ibishirira, 13,0% nabo bagakoresha itara rya mazutu mu gihe 5,1% aribo bacanaga amashanyarazi ya Electrogaz.
Ubu 2021 izarangira abafite amashanyarazi mu Rwanda ari 71% bavuye kuri 34,4% bariho mu 2017. Ni imibare yavuye kure cyane kuko mu 2005 bari 4,3%, mu 2010 bagera kuri 10,8% bigera mu 2013 ari 19,8%.
Iringaniza ryari ryarakoze kuri benshi
Mbere y’ibohorwa ry’igihugu muri 1994 amahirwe yo kwiga ntiyabaga ari aya buri wese nk’uko bimeze muri iki gihe, igihugu cyari gifite politiki y’iringaniza yakumiraga benshi igashyira ku ibere bamwe.
Iringaniza ryabaye igikorwa cy’ubugome n’ubugizi bwa nabi buhanitse. Ni kimwe mu bikorwa byimakajwe n’ingoma ya Habyarimana byagize ingaruka mbi bikomeye ku gihugu.
Imibare igaragaza ko mu 2000 Abanyarwanda babiri muri batanu bari bafite nibura imyaka 15 batari bazi gusoma no kwandika, aho umubare munini wari abagore. Gusa icyari gitangaje ni uko abatazi gusoma no kwandika bari biganje mu mijyi (46,9%) kurusha mu byaro (43,2%).
Muri bake babaga baragize amahirwe yo kujya mu ishuri, 78,8% bari abagabo mu gihe abagore bari 70,1%. Gusa muri abo bose, abari barize Kaminuza bari 0,1%.
Ikigereranyo cy’urugendo umunyeshuri yakoraga kugira ngo agere ku ishuri icyo gihe cyari ibilometero 2,5 buri munsi byatumaga benshi barivamo.
Imibare yo mu 2019 igaragaza ko Abanyarwanda 89,0% bize nk’aho muri uwo mwaka abiyandikishije mu mashuri abanza bari 2.512.465 naho mu yisumbuye ari 732.104.
Abari bazi gukoresha mudasobwa ku bari hagati y’imyaka 15-24 mu 2019 bari 15,2% mu gihe kera nta zabagaho. Ingo zitunze mudasobwa zibarirwa kuri 3%, izitunze telephone ni 70.6%.
Ubu internet igera mu gihugu hose ku kigero cya 95% naho abayikoresha ni 51,6%.
Guhinga byari iby’amaramuko, ibishyimbo aribyo biryo byiganje mu mirire
Mu Rwanda rwa mbere ya 1994, umurimo wari uguhinga uwifite agahingisha. 90% by’Abanyarwanda bari batunzwe n’ubuhinzi, ibihingwa byari byiganje byari ibishyimbo n’ibirayi.
Mbere gato ya Jenoside, Abanyarwanda nibo baryaga cyane ibishyimbo kurusha abandi baturage b’Isi kuko umuntu umwe yabarirwaga nibura ibilo 50 yariye ku mwaka. Umukene yagurishaga bya bishyimbo kugira ngo abone ifu. Nibura ikilo kimwe cy’ibishyimbo cyaguraga ibilo bine by’ifu y’ibigori.
Mu 2000, byabarwaga ko 88,6% by’Abanyarwanda bari batunzwe n’ubuhinzi, gusa umubare munini wari abagore kuko bari 92%.
Ubu mu Rwanda ubuhinzi bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwuga aho ubutaka bwuhirwa bungana na hegitari ibihumbi 77 buvuye kuri 63.742 bwariho mu 2020.
Ifumbire mvaruganda yakoreshejwe mu 2020 ku butaka bungana na hegitari 65.004 mu gihe mu 2017 bwari kuri 44.957.
Ubu bibarwa ko inka mu gihugu zirenga miliyoni 1,3 zivuye ku bihumbi 172 zari zihari mu 1994. Ubwo bwiyongere bwazo bunajyana n’umusaruro w’amata aho nibura mu 1994 habonekaga litiro 7.206.000 ariko byageze mu 2021 haboneka 864.252.000 bingana n’ubwikube bwa 117.5.
Mbere ya Jenoside kandi, umusaruro w’amafi wabarirwaga toni miliyoni 7000 mu gihe mu 2021 uri kuri toni miliyoni 35.670 bivuze ko wikubye 504,4%.
Ibikomoka ku buhinzi nabyo umusaruro wabyo warazamutse uva kuri miliyoni 70$ mu 1994 ugera kuri miliyoni 419 $ mu 2021. Ikawa, icyayi n’ibireti ni byo byoherezwaga mu mahanga icyo gihe ariko ubu byarahindutse imboga, imbuto, indabo, Macadamia, ibinyamisogwe n’ibindi byinshi na byo byoherezwa hanze.
Umusaruro w’icyayi mu 1994 wanganaga na toni ibihumbi 11 mu gihe mu 2020 wari toni 32.634. Amafaranga icyayi cyinjizaga mu 1994 yavuye kuri miliyoni 17,5 $ agera kuri miliyoni 93,6$ mu 2021. Ikawa nayo yavuye kuri miliyoni 38$ igera kuri 62,4$.
Ibindi bipimo bigaragaza ukwibohora nyako k’u Rwanda
- Icyizere cyo kubaho ni imyaka 67 muri uyu mwaka wa 2021 mu gihe cyari imyaka 41 mu 1994.
- Kugeza muri Werurwe 2021, abafite amashanyarazi ni 61,9%. Umwaka uzarangira ari 71%.
- Imihanda irimo kaburimbo: Muri Werurwe 2021 yari 1.531km, intego ni uko izaba 1.745km mu 2024.
- Amatara ku mihanda: Mu 2020 yari kuri 1.445 km mu gihe intego ari uko mu 2024 izaba ari 1810 km.
- Imidugudu igezweho ihari ubu ni 243 ivuye kuri 166 yari ihari mu 2017.
- Abarenga miliyoni 1,2 bamaze kwizigamira mu Kigega Ejo Heza: Ubwizigame bwabo ni miliyari 13,9 Frw.
- Ubwishingizi bw’ubuhinzi bumaze gufatwa ni miliyari 1.024 Frw.
- Ubukerarugendo bwinjije miliyoni 404 $ mu 2017, mbere ya Covid-19 intego yari uko mu 2021 buzinjiza miliyoni 600$.
- Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bwinjije miliyoni 730$ mu 2020, hitezwe miliyoni 800$ mu 2021.
- Mu burezi, hubatswe ibyumba by’amashuri 26.650 hagati ya 2017 na 2020.
- Ubwisungane mu kwivuza bwari bugeze kuri 85% muri Werurwe [abasaga miliyoni 10 bari baramaze kubufata].
- Ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bwari kuri 94,4% mu 2020.
- Icyizere Abanyarwanda bagirira inzego z’umutekano cyari kuri 95,05% mu 2020.
- U Rwanda rufite za Ambasade 40 hirya no hino ku Isi.
